Also I did not read about anything like that happen, but it could be.
Here are the possibilities:
1. you got stamp in your current passport but you forgot to list that visit in your travel history. This will be discovered on the spot (when they compare passport against your travel history). And it can technicaly lead to rejection (as you were requested to list it).
2. You got no stamp, but your passport was registered somewhere (for example passport reader on the airport). Then you are running against some chance to be discovered (it will depend if they have access to that info, but in most cases, they can get it). So again you can end up in rejection (hiding the facts)
3. No stamp and no register in the system (just a short check on borders). I this case discovery is very low to 0.