Nobody knows for certain.
The bill has passed through the major stages in the House of Commons (the Lower House of the Parliament). These include: first reading, second reading, the committee stage and report stage. There is one last stage remaining, called third reading which was scheduled to happen last Wednesday but after a brawl in the House it got postponed.
Now keep in mind that in ALL of these stages the Liberals (the party in power who brought the bill) were the majority. So no problems there.
The bill, after it passes third reading - a formality, needs to be sent to the Senate (the Upper House of Parliament). There it needs to follow the same path, namely first reading, second reading, committee stage, third reading. If it passes all steps there then it becomes law. If not it goes back and forth between the Houses until everybody agrees.
Keep in mind that the Conservatives now have majority in the Senate. Even more importantly they have majority in the Senate Committee, which means that it only takes those people to delay the bill.
That said, even if the bill passes all stages, it's been circulated that there will be a delay in implementing the 3-year residency requirement (other changes will take effect immediately) to prevent a backlog. Nobody knows how long - maybe 3 months, maybe 6, maybe 12.
That's the story - in a nutshell.