Excluded family members and humanitarian and compassionate grounds
A25 requires officers and delegated authorities to examine humanitarian and compassionate
factors (H&C) upon the applicant’s request. In addition, if an officer believes there are strong
humanitarian and compassionate factors present in a case, the officer may on their own initiative,
without the applicant specifically requesting it, put the case forward to the person with the
delegated authority to approve the use of A25(1) for the case. A separate application and fee are
not required.
A25 can be used by applicants to overcome being an excluded family member or any other
requirement of the Act. This includes an applicant who has a sponsor who does not meet eligibility
requirements.
The text that follows addresses the use of A25 in relation to R117(9)(d). This regulation excludes
from the family class, persons who were not examined as non-accompanying family members at
the time their sponsor made their application for permanent residence.
In considering the use of H&C for excluded family members, the officer should take into account
all relevant factors including, but not limited to, those provided below.
General
• The onus is on the client to understand their obligations under the law. The information guides included
with application kits and visa issuance letters give clear information on the need to declare and have
examined all family members including new family members.
• The exclusion found in R117(9)(d) exists to encourage honesty and prevent applicants from
circumventing immigration rules. Specifically, it exists to prevent applicants from later being able to
sponsor otherwise inadmissible family members under the generous family class sponsorship rules
when these family members would have prevented the applicant’s initial immigration to Canada for
admissibility reasons (i.e., excessive demand).
• The application of humanitarian and compassionate considerations may nonetheless be appropriate in
cases that are exceptional and deserving from a reasonable person’s point of view.
Case-specific factors
• Canada’s continuing obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child require that the
Department consider the best interests of a child directly affected by the application whether they are
explicitly mentioned by the applicant or are otherwise apparent. (For more information on the
application of the policy pertaining to the best interests of the child, see OP4, section 8.3.)
• Where family members were declared but not examined and it is clear that the applicant/sponsor made
their best efforts to facilitate this examination and that this lack of examination was beyond the
applicant’s/sponsor’s control, considering the use of H&C factors may be appropriate.
When the client presents compelling reasons for not having disclosed the existence of a family
member, it may also be appropriate to consider the use of H&C factors. For example:
• a refugee presents evidence that they believed their family members were dead or that their
whereabouts were unknown; or
• a client presents evidence that the existence of a child was not disclosed because it would cause
extreme hardship because the child was born out of wedlock in a culture that does not condone this.