So are you working in India right now?
That's unfortunate that you are stuck right now. You cannot work in USA without visa on your passport but the passport is with NDVO. So you will have to ask them to send it back to you. Once you get US visa, you can send it back to NDVO when they will ask for it again. Since you are August applicant, you can expect NDVO to process your PR application anywhere from February to August. But if you are in USA and working and they may have to call you for an interview, you will not be bake to fly back to India without passport
Most likely, applying for GCSM notes will show no progress as May applicants are being processed currently.
So I would suggest asking the company if you can work in USA after you get Canadian PR but make sure that you will be living in Canada for the required number of years or your PR will get cancelled.
Good luck!