If you have private or employer-sponsored health insurance plan, you may be able to claim some of the expenses.
My BlueCross paid for X-Rays and blood tests for the entire family.
The rest may be claimed on you tax file. If you have to travel more than X km to get examined, then mileage, per diem, and hotel costs are also eligible medical expenses for tax purposes.
As for provincial health plans - jes_ON and SenoritaBella are 100% right.