As I understand it, JR is not about assessing if your application should have been refused or approved but about whether the officer did a thorough / appropriate job of reviewing the application. So let's say that an application involved best interest of a child. JR will assess if the officer assessed this in their reivew of the file and considered the evidence submitted. JR is not there to re-assess the evidence or to say that a negative decision should have been positive. Just to make sure the officer considered what the applicant provided as part of their decision. Let's say that the officer did not assess all evidence, JR can then call this out and send the application back for review by a different officer. JR is not saying that the result should have been positive. They are saying evidence wasn't considered. When the new officer assesses the application, the end result can still be a refusal. This is my layman understanding.