A foreign national who wants to immigrate as the conjugal partner of a sponsor must provide
evidence that the two have maintained a conjugal relationship for at least one year (see
Assessment of conjugal relationships, Section 5.26 above). The couple must provide evidence
that they are in a committed and mutually interdependent relationship of some permanence and
have combined their affairs to the extent possible. People who are dating or who are thinking
about marrying or living together and establishing a common-law relationship are NOT in a
conjugal relationship, nor are people who want to live together to “try out” their relationship.
A conjugal relationship is a “marriage-like” relationship; persons in a conjugal relationship have
made a commitment similar to the commitment made through marriage. A married couple makes
their commitment publicly at a specific point in time via their marriage vows and ceremony, and
the marriage certificate and registration are records of that commitment. In a common-law or
conjugal partner relationship, there is not necessarily a single point in time at which a commitment
is made, and there is no one legal document attesting to the commitment. Instead, there must be
the passage of time together, the building of intimacy and emotional ties and the accumulation of
other types of evidence, such as naming one another as beneficiaries of insurance policies or
estates, joint ownership of possessions, joint decision-making with consequences for one partner
affecting the other, and financial support of one another (joint expenses or the sharing of income,
etc.). When taken together, these facts indicate that the couple has come to a similar point as that
of a married couple – there is significant commitment and mutual interdependence in a
monogamous relationship of some permanence.
In general, people who have made the level of commitment expected in a conjugal relationship
would normally marry or live together. If a foreign national could have married their Canadian
sponsor or lived with them, and chose not to do so, then it is questionable whether they have the
significant degree of commitment characteristic of a conjugal relationship.
The conjugal-partner applicant should explain why they have not been able to live continuously
with their sponsor for at least one year. In most cases, there will be an immigration impediment to
continuous cohabitation (e.g., inability to obtain long-stay visas for one another’s country). Noncohabitation
for purely personal or economic reasons (i.e., did not want to give up a job or studies)
does not normally qualify as a sufficient impediment, but should be assessed on a case-by-case
basis. Applicants should be able to provide evidence that they have seriously considered living
together as common-law partners. For example, they might have explored options for living
together in one another’s country, such as work or study permits, how their occupational skills and
qualifications would be recognized in their partner’s country, visitor visas, long-term visitor status,
etc.
Officers should also inquire whether the couple is planning to marry. If they are planning to marry,
then they are fiancés and may not have established a conjugal relationship. Officers should
explain that there is no fiancé(e) category in Canada’s immigration legislation, and that the foreign
national fiancé(e) must be married to their Canadian sponsor and apply to immigrate as a married
spouse.
Note: The requirement under the spousal category to be married before immigrating likely would not
apply to people in same-sex relationships who are planning to marry, because there are very few
jurisdictions where they can get married before coming to Canada. They may apply as commonlaw
or conjugal partners, provided they meet the requirements.
Couples may say that they want to live together for a while before they get married, but cannot
qualify as common-law partners because they cannot arrange their affairs to meet the
cohabitation requirement. It is not the purpose of the conjugal-partner category to allow couples to
“try out” their relationship by living together before they get married. Such individuals are not yet in
a conjugal relationship and thus are not conjugal partners. Persons in a conjugal relationship have
already made a significant commitment and intend to be together for a significant time or even
permanently.
Although the intention of the conjugal-partner category is to accommodate those few Canadians
with foreign partners who can neither marry nor live together, inability to marry cannot be an
absolute requirement, since this could have the effect of “forcing” those couples to marry who may
have chosen not to do so. Persons who have established and maintained a conjugal relationship
for one year and who do not intend to marry might be conjugal partners if they have been unable
to cohabit because of an immigration impediment or other serious barrier. The key to determining
whether an individual is a conjugal partner is whether they are in a conjugal relationship with their
sponsor and whether there is a compelling barrier to continuous cohabitation.
Without continuous cohabitation and the merging of households that takes place when a couple is
in a common-law relationship,
conjugal-partner relationships are more challenging to assess than
common-law relationships. The following table provides some additional elements to consider
when assessing such relationships.
Factor | Details |
Length of time relationship has existed |
Because a conjugal relationship means interdependency, mutual commitment and exclusivity, such a relationship is not established immediately when two people meet or when they start to date or even necessarily when they begin a sexual relationship. A conjugal relationship builds over a period of time. Officers must assess the facts of each case individually; however, in general terms, most conjugal partners will likely have known one another for more than one year.
|
Amount of time spent together
|
How many times and for how long at a stretch have the two been together? Evidence may take the form of airline tickets, receipts from vacations, visas, passports, leave forms from work etc.
|
Reasons why couple has been unable to cohabit continuously for one year
|
The applicant should be able to explain why they have not been able to cohabit continuously for one year. For example, there may be legal impediments to a common country of residence. The partners might not have been able to obtain long-stay visas or immigrant visas for one another’s countries. If they could have lived together, but chose not to, then it is reasonable for the officer to question whether the relationship is a conjugal relationship.
|
Evidence showing how the long- distance relationship has been maintained
|
The volume, regularity and style of the communication between partners
should be considered, e.g., long distance calls and other communication,
e-mails, letters, recognition of each other’s significant events, family
functions, etc.
|
Evidence of efforts to live in the same country
|
Airline tickets, visas, work permits, study permits, visa denials, denials of recognition of credentials.
|
It is important to note that not all the financial, social, physical and emotional factors listed in
Section 5.26 above are requirements of any conjugal relationship. They are elements that may be
present in varying degrees and not all are necessary for any relationship to be of a conjugal
nature. For example, a Canadian and their conjugal partner may not have been able to merge
their affairs financially in the same way as a couple living together—for example, they might not
yet have joint bank accounts or credit cards, etc. What officers should look for is evidence that the
partners have begun to merge their affairs to the extent they can, given that they live in different
countries.