Masha,
Getting non-conviction papers in Kazakhstan is a matter of one day. Translating and notarizing them, may be another day.
My advice is that before you depart from the US, make the fingerprints, fill the application to the FBI for clearance, fill the payment slip and leave the package to be mailed with some of your friends. It now takes 4 month to get a police certificate so you don't want to lose your time.
Also, you dont want to come to Kazakh RUVD and say: Hi, i am Masha, I am Russian, I need to make fingerprints to be sent to the FBI. You know what I mean.