Hi ! I think you can start outland sponsorship right away when you receive your PR card and well settled. Here is the link for more info:
https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/application-forms-guides/guide-5525-basic-guide-sponsor-your-spouse-partner-child.html
Bear in mind that, you may be refused Visitor visa for your spouse talking out of experience here and remember the visitor visa is just
temporary status which means your spouse will eventually need to show ties to his/her homecountry.
It is at your own risk if you want to apply for visitor visa for your spouse .
The process of outland spousal application overall varies for each applicant based on their situation and country. It can take up to 10 months( if there is no mistake in your application) to 12months max.
Please check processing time here :
https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/application/check-processing-times.html
Once you are approved as Sponsor and your spouse approved for permanent residence by IRCC /CIC you(
sponsor ) will be requested to send the undertaking kit for CSQ to MIFI to Quebec.
You can actually prepare the files in advance to avoid any delays ...
Here is the link for MIFI INFORMATION ABOUT HOW TO APPLY :
https://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/immigrate-settle/family-reunification/index.html
Undertaking KIT for Quebec:
https://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/immigrate-settle/family-reunification/apply/undertaking-application/index.html
You will have to wait a little longer for csq as it is currently taking 4-5 months to receive CSQ, instead of 25 days.
Hope it helps answer your query .