Someone I know surrendered their Indian Passport in India at the Foreigners Registration Office in Bhikaji Cama Place in New Delhi. He became a US citizen, travelled to India, surrendered the Indian PP, applied for an exit permit / visa to stay in India and then exited using his US passport. Not sure what the FIR / Acquittal paper is. I am guessing it is relevant for those who have been subjected to legal proceedings in India for crime or overstaying their visa. Best option would be to visit one of these offices and get first hand information.
Getting your first Canadian passport in India could take longer than in Canada, so you would have to factor that time in for travel.
A few months ago, someone on the forum was contemplating travelling to Nepal and then exiting Nepal to Canada. Don't know what happened to him. He disappeared after that post. It is quite possible that countries like Qatar / UAE will also look for a corresponding entry stamp on your Canadian passport, so to avoid complications, it is best to use the legal and proper route. You are already in India (for all technical purposes, still an Indian citizen because you have not renounced your citizenship yet) so will have to conform to the GOI regulations regarding foreigners & travel.