from where I come from, the family is practically involved in every phase of the relationship. Parents are actively searching prospects for their son/daughter specially back home. They would do initial visits to the family, and gather all the information for the son/daughter in Canada. Once all the parties are satisfied, then they will ask for their son/daughter to travel backhome to physically meet the person before the final decision. Technologically has made things a lot easier now. Usually a few skype dates are also arranged before the meeting.
A few meetings occur between the two and a decision is made literally in 2-3 weeks. This is perhaps the only time parents are not involved. And the final decision is entirely upto the two. And either party could reject if they don't find themselves compatible. Because it is costly to travel back and forth, and taking time off work can also be pain in the neck, so they even end up getting married in that short period of time. And believe me, arranging weddings on short notice is not unusual, and not very difficult either. We will still have upto 200-400 attendees. Our brides used to look very shy in the picture, and that didn't mean that she was not happy (this has changed over the years. you will find them smiling, laughing in the pictures lol).
So you see this is arranged yet not really arranged. And My understanding is that CIC takes this piece of culture aspect into consideration. Both Sponsor and PA have to obviously still explain all of this.
In my case, my husband is best friends with a friend and my brother in law. This is how I was introduced to him, and then because of culture we don't "date" very long. So our conversation started in July of 2013. I visited him in Nov 2013 to meet in person. Before the end of our trip, he proposed and I accepted. And then we officially got married in our "home" town in Pakistan back in April 2014. So I had "known" him for less than a year before we got married. But this is again our culture. If my husband was in Canada, it would've taken us the same amount or maybe less to get married.
I have read a few refusal cases, and yes looks, age and even education difference is all taken into consideration.