IvanP said:
Regardless what the outcome of this case is, common-law partnership is an unfair trap for applicants. Living together for a year is basically courtship for a lot of people who are on the path to deciding whether to make their relationship permanent, but they don't consider themselves or hold themselves out to be married or a family.
This is a common reason for rejection by Manila. What I've seen is that if they do include the "partner" on the application, the visa office declines to examine the partner (because it doesn't meet the legal threshold for common-law partnership) and if they don't include the partner on the application, the visa office issues a 179 rejection when they attempt to sponsor (because they weren't declared). Of course, only people having issues here show up on the forum, so maybe many cases get by without same.
I think some of it is certainly cultural (e.g., cultures that don't understand the Canadian legal distinction of common-law partnerships) but there is also an economic driver here - if someone from the Philippines qualifies in an economic class it is more burdensome to have to demonstrate the landing funds for two than for one. Yet this is really the intent of R179 - CIC doesn't want people to "back door" in otherwise ineligible family members by failing to disclose them.
I saw a case in which a father wanted to sponsor his son - a son he'd not known about 16 years previously when he immigrated. The original application was refused, the H&C application was refused. In his case, the Federal Court actually ruled in his favour and send it back to CIC for redetermination.
The OP has very limited options to appeal. IAD doesn't have jurisdiction if the applicant is not a member of the family class - and that is exactly the point of an R179 rejection - it excludes that person as being considered a family member. Thus, appeals are almost pointless in such cases. The Federal Courts will only hear the case if there is a matter of legal interest (they aren't bound to only considering family members at least).
Of course the applicant can always apply in an economic category. In this case he would get points for having family in Canada, but he may not qualify otherwise.
The other option the OP has is to return to the Philippines, relinquish her PR, and reapply. This may not work because the grounds on which she was eligible previously may not be available to her.