Hello Sept15,
Actually, the last few sentences of the last speech of the throne were about the citizenship act, the conservative governement promised that this session will see a full review of the current citizenship act that didn't get a serious reform in 30 years. Nobody really knows what the new reform will look like, speculations are that the more we advance in time, the less permanent residency will have value and the harder it will get to become a citizen, all the signs we are seeing today tend to show that what is to come will not be pleasant for many immigrants who immigrated to Canada for a second chance of having a good life - sadly enough, too many hard line conservative canadians believe that the road to citizenship is too easy today and the current government is doing its best to show them that they are listening to them.
When will the new act become effective ? well the process will take some time before the minister drafts the law and submits it to the two chambers to debate it and to approve it and then it will have to get the Royal Assent before it becomes a law. The conservatives have an absolute majority today so the process can be relatively quick and straightforward, nothing and nobody will really be able to stop them unless someone with a winning case challenges the new law at the supreme court (chances are that nobody will...). Anyhow, my personal analysis is that nothing will happen before february or even march because the pareliement will shut down for the vacations and will only open again in mid january... Today, the government has other issues to tackle, like the disgusting senate scandal and some other issues...but one never knows what tomorrow hides with Harper and his team.
Personally, as a lawful law abiding immigrant, and as a person who loves Canada and who adopted it as his home country, when I will become a Canadian Citizen, I will never forget this government's ideology on immigration and immigrants, so they will never be getting my vote.
Cheers!