For your questions:
- At anytime during the citizenship processing, inform IRCC of any changes to your application, including change of address, if you left the country, and your child birth when it occurs. Pregnancy is not something that IRCC requires you report while they process your application.
- To inform of any changes to your application including the birth of your child, you contact IRCC via webform and send them your child's birth certificate. This process goes for whether you applied online or offline, whether your child is born in Canada or outside of Canada.
- Process to contact IRCC is via webform can be found on IRCC's website.
- If child is born before husband applies to citizenship, yes child will be included in husbands application regardless of he applies paper or online
- if child is born after husband applies to citizenship, yes husband should inform IRCC using webform. Same applies to you if your application is still processed at any time (even if you give birth after oath and prior to receiving your certificate, or even after obtaining citizenship certificate and not yet applied for passport, or even after applying for passport and not yet received it).
I hope this answers your question. To the 2nd part on husband applying for citizenship while outside of Canada, I hope he fulfilled the 1095 days physical presence as there is no working around that. Also assuming he lived in Canada prior to becoming PR, he can only claim 365 days of his time as Temporary resident (on student visa or work permit) in his 1095 days. I am assuming you calculated the 1095 days of physical presence in the 5 years eligibility.
For citizenship of child born outside of Canada, NEITHER you NOR your husband can pass citizenship to the child born outside of Canada as NONE of you is born in Canada.
Details:
Passing the citizenship to a child born outside of Canada is a bit of a complicated process (especially when on PR and OUTSIDE of Canada). Basically as naturalized citizen, you'll have to apply for PR for your child and for him/her to obtain Canadian citizenship, they'd have to go through the process (1095 days physical presence in Canada except if Canadian naturalized parent works for Canadian government outside of Canada).
As far as my understanding of the citizenship acquisition law, If child is born outside of Canada while parents on PR, same rule applies. However if you lose your PR while your child is on PR, this is problematic (for instance to bring back the child to live in Canada to fulfill the 1095 days, you or father need valid immigration status to travel with the child who has the PR). Same complexity goes to the case if child gets PR but does no fulfill the 1095 days (assuming you and husband get citizenship but child remains on PR). At one point you need to go back to Canada to live there so child fulfills the 1095 as far as my understanding of the below. I don't think the child will keep PR status if he/she lives outside of Canada indefinitely while parents are naturalized citizens. Child risks loosing PR if the time spent outside of Canada as PR exceeds 2 years within the given PR period. Child can choose to apply for PR when they become adult if they establish some links to Canada (we don't know how the law will change in the future, but as you see, the child will not get automatic citizenship. PR is also not to be taken for granted as it requires the child to live in Canada for at least 1095 days - 3 years within 5 years of eligibility to apply for CAN citizenship, regardless of your own status CAN Citizen or PR -- the case gets worse if you as an applicant lose your PR status!)
Luckily, you are NOT pregnant yet. Just thinking about those scenarios is anxiety-inducing and mind-bogling to be honest lol!! So all this is just hypothetical. I recommend you check with an immigration lawyer when you ACTUALLY fall pregnant and ask the lawyer about your options if you deem that living in Canada is not possible for the moment or for years to come. If that's the case, I was wondering if it might not be easier to give birth to your child in Canada and spare yourself and your child the hassle? As you will see from the below, you won't be able to pass your citizenship automatically to your child due to the changes of citizenship acquisition law of 2009 as neither you nor your husband are Canadian first generations born in Canada.
Here is the citizenship acquisition laws to give you an idea:
https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/publications-manuals/operational-bulletins-manuals/canadian-citizenship/acquisition-loss/acquisition.html
Here is basically:
Citizen by descent [paragraph 3(1)(b)]
Citizen’s date of birth: on or after February 15, 1977
Paragraph 3(1)(b) sets out that a person is a Canadian citizen if that person is born outside Canada to a Canadian parent on or after February 15, 1977.
Persons born outside Canada on or after April 17, 2009
Aside from a few exceptions described under subsection 3(5), the amendments to the
Citizenship Act introduced on April 17, 2009, now generally limit citizenship by descent to persons who are born to a Canadian parent abroad in the first generation. Since April 17, 2009, a person who is born outside Canada to a Canadian parent is automatically a Canadian citizen by birth only if that person is of the first generation born outside Canada.
Note: It is possible that a person born outside Canada to a Canadian parent on or after April 17, 2009, will be stateless because the person is not recognized as a Canadian citizen due in part to the first-generation limit to citizenship by descent and in part to the person concerned not having acquired any other citizenship either by descent or by birth on soil because of other countries’ own domestic citizenship laws. In such cases, refer to
subsection 5(5) of the
Citizenship Act, which sets out the requirements for a grant of Canadian citizenship to stateless persons born outside Canada to a Canadian parent.
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