I'm super late to the topic, but wanted to add some thoughts on accessing Russian bank accounts from Canada in general, not necessarily in response to the OP's specific question of approving purchases made with Russian cards - in case somebody else would find it useful later:
I pretty much gave up on my Russian bank accounts for exactly this reason: there is no reliable way for me to interact with the bank, apart from calling them and jumping through all the hoops with waiting on the line forever and then identification (keep forgetting the stupid code word every time).
One option would be to maintain your Russian phone number, and use it to receive those text messages. But you have to keep an eye on that phone number, making sure it doesn't get deactivated due to inactivity.
The ideal option would be to update your phone number with the bank and have them send the text messages to the Canadian number. I tried doing that a couple years ago while in Russia (Alpha and Sber) - and were told in both banks that password text messages can only be sent to Russian cell phone numbers. I'm not sure if the restriction is technological or legal, or if it is still in place, but the fact is, two years ago you were not able to do it.
The third option, which is what I did, is to have a mobile app installed on your phone (assuming all the functionality you need is available within the app, and you don't need text messages). I made sure my app was fully set up/activated while in Russia, while having a Russian SIM card in the phone.
This worked for some time, though what's interesting, it only worked if the phone was on WiFi - seems like it realized I'm in Canada when on cellular network, and that made the apps freak out, but they didn't (or couldn't) do the same checks while on WiFi.
But eventually there was an app update that I had to install, and the app required a text message password after the update - so that's where it all broke down.
All in all, it's just not worth the headache to maintain long-term, unless you have to for some reason, so I'm planning to close my Russian bank accounts when I'm there next time.