CAIPS is an acronym for Computer Assisted Immigration Processing System. It is part of the Electronic Data Processing (EDP) system used by the Canadian Immigration offices to process visa applications. EDP systems are those used to gather or update the information needed for the operational support of immigration programs. From an applicants point of view, the two useful systems are CAIPS and FOSS as described below; Read about all the EDP sub-systems. pdf file
Computer Assisted Immigration Processing System (CAIPS) is an automated system for application processing outside Canada. Information is entered in the system from application forms and supporting documentation submitted by applicants for immigrant and visitor visas, returning residence permits and student and employment authorizations.
Field Operational Support System (FOSS) is the main operational support for Immigration operation in Canada.
Your CAIPS file will have valuable information on the processing of your Canadian permanent residence application. CAIPS is NOT same as the "e-Client", which only provides limited information on the status of your application.
Source: caipsnotes.com