NKT0817 said:
What happens if appeal is lost? Is that the end of it or can something else be done?
You can reapply, it's not the end of it. However, the red flags/issues from the first application would have to be significantly addressed.
ex) If the reason for the first refusal was that a couple married after just 2 months dating, then they should reapply after they've lived together for a year, shared expenses/finances, travel together, take pics of them meeting each other's parents, etc. Then when they reapply, suddenly their application is that much stronger.
Most people are afraid that if they reapply, their first refusal would be a huge drag on their application. While that might be slightly true, I think CIC is counting on the fact that if this was a truly bogus marriage, the couple would likely split up after the refusal anyway. So if a couple are still somehow staying together, having a life together, etc, despite a refusal, then CIC probably views that as a huge plus.