Acceptable documents to denote identity and/or citizenship (for residents)
You should carry a valid Canadian passport for all visits abroad, including visits to the United States (U.S.). A passport may be required by your airline or alternative transportation authority, as it is the only universally-accepted identification document, and it proves that you have a right to return to Canada.
Upon arrival at a Canadian port of entry, travellers must satisfy a CBSA border services officer (BSO) that they meet the requirements for entry into Canada. For Canadian citizens, permanent residents and Registered Indians under the Indian Act, this can be done through questioning and through verifying documentation such as a Canadian passport, a Canadian birth certificate, a permanent residence card, a citizenship card, or a Secure Certificate of Indian Status (SCIS) card.
If you do not have a passport, and are returning to Canada, the following documents can denote identity and/or citizenship:
NEXUS card, held by a Canadian citizen, when entering Canada by air (when coming from the U.S.), land, or marine modes
FAST card (Free and Secure Trade), issued to a Canadian citizen (when arriving by land or marine modes only)
Canadian Emergency Travel Document
Canadian Temporary Passport
Certificate of Canadian Citizenship (issued from 1954 to present)
Enhanced Driver's License issued by a Canadian province or territory
Enhanced Identification/Photo Card issued by a Canadian province or territory
http://www.cbsa.gc.ca/travel-voyage/td-dv-eng.html