As a non-accompanying child, he needs to have his medicals done but I don't think he actually needs a passport.
However, it would be a better option if you list him as accompanying, let him get a visa and land in Canada as a PR. He will be able to visit you during holidays and work odd jobs in Canada and if he wants to move and join you, he can. If you don't include him, he will not get PR and under the current rules, you can not sponsor him after he turns 19.