If your case is denied they will give you the reasons why outlined in the rejection letter. You and your spouse will both get one. Once you get that letter you have a form to fill out to appeal the decision and you have 30 days to do it. Once you send in the letter you will get an acknowledgment letter saying that they have received your letter to appeal. Then its waiting. CBSA has 120 or 140 days to send the record of appeal to the Appeals Board. You will also get a copy of your entire file, the application etc, that you sent in to them along with the notes from the interview that the IO took while interviewing your spouse. Then you wait yet again, to hear from the Appeals board to find out if you are going to be heard at a hearing or an alternative dispute resolution thing. They will send you information on what the steps are and what you need to do to prepare for either case. If you have the ADR then you will be a bit faster to get an appointment. Its like mediation really. They look over your case and decised if it can be resolved but ADR and if they feel it can they will give you an appointment. In either case, You to submit any NEW evidence to prove your case and prove why your spouse should be allowed to come to Canada. The reasons for rejection are addressed and you need to be well prepared for it. You can have a lawyer if you wish but its an informal meeting. They only take an hour and give you the decision at the meeting. if they feel your case can not be descided by ADR it will go to hearing before a judge. That is about 3 hours and it can take up to 90 days for them to descide. That one you really need a lawyer for. Once they agree the that your appeal should be allowed, a letter of agreement is drawn up and you have to sign it, then it goes before a tribunal at the appeals board, another document is made and signed and it has a seal on it , you will get a certified true copy. Then your file gets sent back to the visa office for them to continue the process. And its more waiting. My fear is that the same IO will purposely take her good old time processing us and will make us wait because we complained about her and she got written warning. Its a long painful process, I dont wish it on anyone. Its a nightmare