Yes, but you have to reveal that information to CIC in the forms. You might end up with extra scrutiny due to the failed refugee claim. They will want to make sure the marriage is genuine and not just for a ticket to Canada, though I don't think this is as detrimental to the process as a Canadian refugee claim.
You will also have to show you both intend to relocate to Canada. A refugee claim in Aus makes it sound like you wanted to settle there, and sponsors who are living overseas have to show they intend to return to Canada.
Whatever you do, don't lie about anything, as they will find out and ban your husband for 5 years.