It depends. I would say it's rather a case to case situation. After reading the comments of some who went same afternoon, we thought we would try our luck too as we live 10 minutes away from the passport office.
We had our oath around 9 am and went to the passport office same afternoon 3 pm. Well, no luck. Our names were not in the system and we were suggested to try again next day.
Next day we went at 2.30 pm. Pre- inspection check went ok and then waited about 30 minutes until our queue no came up. Processing started but then ... Sorry, not in system. They gave us a call back slip.
So we will try once again on Monday.