No, there is absolutely no guarantee that if you pass your medical exam you'll get your visa. They are not even connected to your personal profile or your study program.
The medical exam is necessary only to make sure that you don't have any contagious diseases and don't have any injury or condition that will be a burden for Canada's Health System.
Stamping the visa in your passport will depend on your local Visa Office processing times. You'll have to check with them or ask people that also applied there.