No.
There is no direct path to PR based strictly on education, regardless of how long a program of study is. Essentially, all current immigration streams, aside from family or refugee, require the PR applicant to have either 1) one year or longer of full-time (or part-time adjusted equivalent) skilled work experience in Canada, 2) skilled work experience and a written/guaranteed job offer within a select number of job specialties, or 3) in some provinces, a liberalized variation of the of the previous two (Provincial Nominee programs).
An education degree/diploma/certificate is most beneficial because it may qualify the graduate for a coveted Post-Graduate Open Work Permit. A holder of a PGWP need not first find a suitable job and an employer willing to apply for a LMO (which can be extremely difficult) before requesting a Work Permit. Rather, the PGWP allows the holder to search for any jobs they like.
The length of validity of a PGWP is contingent on the length of the program of study, and all courses/degrees/diplomas/etc. must be from an approved institution. Basically, the school must be a public (government) institution. Attendance at very few, if any, private schools will qualify an individual for a PGWP.
I myself recently (August 2013) received a 3-year PGWP after completing a 2-year diploma program at a college here in Vancouver.
So you see, my friend, the benefit for aspiring PRs of attending and graduating from a Canadian college or university is not that it will make you immediately eligible for PR, but rather that it is often the best route to receiving a work permit, which will (hopefully) lead to a sucessful PR application.
Best of Luck to you.
