Wil asylum abandoned asylum claim in the US affect spousal sponsorship?
If I was the decision-maker I would want to know all about your abandoned refugee claim as I assess the general credibility of the relationship.
You've indicated, on a different thread, that you had an issue regarding misrepresentation so a look at your claim would be instructive. If it is determined, on the balance of probabilities, that you'll say or do anything to immigrate then you will indeed have an issue. Credibility is fundamental to immigration decision-making and if you just cannot be believed then - well, then you just will not be believed.
So, if your refugee claim in the USA was reasonable and the allegations of persecution that you allege feasible then you'll probably sail through the assessment!
I would want to know, if you feared a return from the USA, why it is that you would abandon your claim there in order to face removal from Canada? Using multiple streams to try and access legal immigration status is suspicious and decision-makers are paid to be suspicious, so that should be an expectation for any reasonable person.
Good luck!