Some people argue that it
will be is more beneficial if governmental institutions invest more in railway systems instead of roads. I do not agree with this statement, since roads are more cost efficient
and provide people with higher flexibility. See cost efficient is self explanatory in itself but the phrase in red is not. So, write it better.
The good - The introduction is clean and your opinion is clearly stated and I like that you have also given a "glimpse" of what will come in the essay or why you have the opinion you stated. So, you're setting up the essay well. But, as I stated before just write the second half of the argument better. What flexibility?
Also, when topic sentences are short as in this case, you can write an opening sentence before paraphrasing sentence so that introduction doesn't look too short.
To begin with, it is more expensive
to build railroads than highways when covering the same distance.
So, the argument is good but problem I see is that it is stated as if it is known universal truth. If it were, would they really ask you to discuss it in an essay. So, when you are stating facts like these back them up with some stats or study (It could be made up).
Would a government decide to initiate with a railway construction, they will have to face additional costs including, building respective platforms, hiring support staff and constantly maintaining the rails.
I get the point but it is very weirdly worded.
Instead, the authorities can invest in roads and use the savings in other projects, including healthcare, education or science.
Now this is hanging argument.
A recent study conducted by the students of Yerevan State University, faculty of Economics has shown that construction and maintenance of roads is 30% cheaper than that of railways.
See I saw this line later. So you did actually do what I suggested above but see it is so out of place. It can go right after your opening sentence and you can combine those two sentences. For example
To begin with, it is more expensive to build railroads than highways when covering the same distance as demonstrated / illustrated / proven by recent study .... blah blah
So, you have ideas the execution is flawed. Work on the flow of the passage.
Besides that, roads and highways provide with a much wider freedom of choice and flexibility
in terms of travel conditions.
In other words, I have lost count number of times I have advised people to avoid this phrase. So much so I had to write a separate post about it https://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/threads/ielts-writing-for-band-7-or-above.540392/page-90#post-7568485. Point 2.2 in above post.
with a developed road network the population is able to choose whether to
travel via public transportation or a private vehicle. I think you have used too many words for a simple message. Both these sentences can be combined to write a much cleaner sentence.
Those people, who possess their own means of transportation will benefit more from newly built roads than from railways, and the remaining will still be able to get to the planned destination by bus or carpooling services. It will therefore be up to the traveler to decide on the timing, the cost and the route of the trip. No wonder, a research by The New York Times published in summer 2017 has shown that only 30% of Americans prefers to travel by trains.
Okayish argument.
To conclude, the benefits of spending money on roads outweigh those of railways both because the former is efficient and because it provides people with alternative travel options.
Refer this post again on how to write conclusion. I think one line conclusions are dangerous unless you are a brilliant writer. https://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/threads/ielts-writing-for-band-7-or-above.540392/page-90#post-7568485
Overall positives are that there are no big issues with your language. Your command is good. The ideas are not too bad either but the presentation of ideas could be better. You probably need to spend some time in reading more essays and notice for yourself why you like a particular essay vs why you don't like one. In almost all my reviews I say this and I will repeat the key to write a good essay on IELTS is not keep practicing writing essays but to read more essays.
All the best!