Hi Ali_salem,
I just posted this to another newbie's thread asking a similar question
Hope it helps!
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Welcome to the forum. There's A LOT to learn about the process - a lot more than persons would be able to explain to you in one thread on one forum. The best thing for you to do is to go to IRCC's website and start reading up about
Express Entry (EE) (one of the many programmes available to try to obtain Canadian Permanent Residence):
http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/immigrate/skilled/index.asp
To start, however, the first thing you can do is check your eligibility for Express Entry. Express Entry is an umbrella programme under which three of Canada's PR programmes fall - the Federal Skilled Workers (FSW) programme, the Canadian Experience Class (CEC) programme, and the Federal Skilled Trades (FST) programme. Unless you have Canadian work experience, you would most likely be checking to see if you can apply under the Federal Skilled Workers (FSW) programme.
Use this webpage here to see if you're eligible under the FSW programme (you need a score of at least 67 out of 100):
http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/immigrate/skilled/apply-factors.asp
If you're eligible, you need to calculate your projected comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) Score. The CRS Score is what IRCC uses to determine which applicants will get an Invitation to Apply (ITA) for permanent residency. The general consensus on this forum is that, at least right now, you need a CRS score of at least 435 to have a chance at getting an Invitation to Apply (ITA). You can use this tool to calculate your projected comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) Score:
http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/immigrate/skilled/crs-tool.asp
If you are eligible under the FSW programme, and if your calculated CRS Score is high enough to give you a strong likelihood of receiving an Invitation to Apply (ITA), you will need to submit an Express Entry profile to be considered for an Invitation.
In order to complete your Express Entry profile, you first need to get an Educational Credential Assessment (see link below for approved institutions) and take an approved English language test (IELTS/CELPIP) (see link below):
Once you have your ECA and your English Language Test Results, you need to create a myCIC account, and then create and submit your Express Entry Profile. The best way to get to this point is to start with the Come To Canada tool (see below) as that will check your eligibility again, before providing you with a number that will help you carry over your answers into your profile, and then direct you to the part of the website where you can create your account:
http://www.cic.gc.ca/ctc-vac/ee-start.asp
You can expect to spend anywhere from CAD$500 - CAD$2,000 getting your ECA and language test results, depending on which organization you select to assess your educational credentials, how many educational credentials you need assessed, which language test you choose to take, and in which country, and how often you have to take the test to get decent results. If you have a spouse, and plan to have his/her educational degrees assessed and have him/her take a language test to boost your CRS Score, you'll need to consider the costs for him/her as well. The rest of the Express Entry profile has no associated cost.
If you get an ITA and choose to accept it and move forward with submitting an application for permanent residency, you will have to pay at least CAD$1050 (if it's only you, and you're not bringing any dependents - if you have dependents accompanying you, this will be more) - this amount represents the application processing fee and the 'Right to Permanent Residence' Fee (RPRF).
There may also be costs associated with collecting the documents you need for the application, including but not limited to the fee for your medical exam, the fees to obtain your police clearance certificates, and any fees to obtain letters from your financial institutions to show proof of funds. These costs will vary by person, depending on your particular application (and the resulting required documents) and where you lived, but I paid approximately CAD$300 to get all of my documents together.
To be eligible for FSW, unless you have a valid job offer with an LMIA, you will also need to show Canada that you have at least CAD$12,300 to bring with you to settle in Canada if your application is approved (if you have dependents (i.e. spouse or children), you have to show more, depending on how many dependents you have).
All in all, the entire application will cost between approximately CAD$1,500 - CAD$3,000 (for a single applicant with no accompanying dependents), and you will need to be able to show an additional CAD$12,300 in available, unencumbered funds to satisfy the settlement funds requirement.
From start to finish ('start' being the decision to apply under Express Entry for PR and applying for an ECA and registering for a language test so you can submit your EE profile, and 'finish' being landing in Canada and becoming a permanent resident), the entire process can take anywhere from 4 months to 2 years, depending on how quickly you complete certain activities and procure certain documents, how high your CRS Score is (which dictates how quickly you can get an ITA, and how quickly IRCC processes your completed application once you submit it - average time for processing completed application is 6 months, although some people get through in as quickly as 1 month, and others have been waiting 1.5 years...)
There is also no guarantee of getting PR even after taking the decision to apply as there are several points throughout the process where you can be derailed (e.g. your CRS score may not be high enough and you may never get an ITA; OR if you get an ITA, you may not collect all of your documents in time to submit your application by the 90-day deadline; OR if you submit your application, IRCC might find something wrong with (for example, an inadequate explanation for something, or a missing or inadequate document) and may cancel or refuse your application). If your application is cancelled for being incomplete, IRCC will refund your processing fee and your RPRF, if yourpaid it upfront. If your application is refused, you'll be refunded the RPRF if you paid it upfront.
Like I said, there's a lot to know. Do some reading up, and then feel free to use this forum if you have any specific questions or need any additional clarification about anything you've read.
Good luck if you choose to pursue the process.