Hi,
*You cannot get temporary PR card in any case.
*You can attach your travel ticket and payment receipt with your application, mentioning "Urgent proof of travel included" on the envelope. This way they will process your application for PR faster and would get your new pr card before the date of departure.
*You can apply for travel document from a country where you are visiting. Normally it take about 1 week to get it back.
Check the link below:
http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/information/pr-card/apply-how.asp#urgent
Hope this helps
Cheers,