If you are going for immigration based on being a live-in caregiver, you would have to have worked for 24 months and then you could apply for PR and an open work permit. Getting the open work permit can take you 5-6 months and getting the PR 1-2 years.
If you are going for immigration based on being married to a Canadian, he would have to sponsor you for PR. If you go the way of inland application, if all goes well, you could get an open work permit in 5-6 months and PR in 1-2 years. If you apply outland, you can opt to have your application processed in the US or in your home country. In the US it would take 5-10 months to get PR and in your home country, you can get some idea here: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/information/times/international/05-fc-spouses.asp
After you get PR, you need to live in Canada for 3 years to be able to apply for citizenship. Time spent in Canada before getting PR can be counted at 50% discount but only within the previous 4 year period so the earliest you could apply is after 2 years in Canada as a PR if you spent the previous 2 years in Canada as well. Getting citizenship processed takes on average another year.
