1. If you have submitted your profile for Express Entry, then you are actively in the pool and being considered for each following round of invitations. The 6 month processing time is for the application for permanent residency, which you submit after you have received an invitation to apply (ITA), i.e. your score is at or above the cut-off score in a particular round of invitation.
2. As noted in the reply to your first question, once submitted your profile is already being considered for an ITA, the 6 month processing period does not apply to your profile being active in the pool. It's active as soon as you submit it and the system generates your points total.
3. No, your profile and score should update instantly.
4. You lose points on your birthday, if you're past 29.
5. It's 1 year from the date your profile is submitted and entered into the pool, which is the same date.
6. It's active and renewed instantaneously.