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Question: Working abroad time towards PR renewal

b1b1b1

Full Member
Jan 18, 2011
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Deal All,

My son and I have a company in Canada, and we both are shareholders (not an empolyee in payroll).
For the past few years, I need to travel abroad to take care of some company business. My PR renewal is coming next year, so, my question is: (due to my situation, I am the shareholder, not an employee) does my abroad time counts toward the PR requirement days?

- If yes, any documents that I need to include with the application?
- If not, is that anything I should do to make the days count?

Many thanks for any advices and feedbacks.
 

Naturgrl

VIP Member
Apr 5, 2020
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Deal All,

My son and I have a company in Canada, and we both are shareholders (not an empolyee in payroll).
For the past few years, I need to travel abroad to take care of some company business. My PR renewal is coming next year, so, my question is: (due to my situation, I am the shareholder, not an employee) does my abroad time counts toward the PR requirement days?

- If yes, any documents that I need to include with the application?
- If not, is that anything I should do to make the days count?

Many thanks for any advices and feedbacks.
Not unless you have a company office overseas, and you are transferred to that office. Then you show proof of foreign office (registration, taxes), contract, and work permit (if required).
 
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YVR123

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Jul 27, 2017
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Deal All,

My son and I have a company in Canada, and we both are shareholders (not an empolyee in payroll).
For the past few years, I need to travel abroad to take care of some company business. My PR renewal is coming next year, so, my question is: (due to my situation, I am the shareholder, not an employee) does my abroad time counts toward the PR requirement days?

- If yes, any documents that I need to include with the application?
- If not, is that anything I should do to make the days count?

Many thanks for any advices and feedbacks.
You, being and employee or a shareholder do not matter in this situration.

Unless it's a temporary assignment to an oversea business branch, business travel days DO NOT count towards RO.
 

armoured

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Feb 1, 2015
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You, being and employee or a shareholder do not matter in this situration.

Unless it's a temporary assignment to an oversea business branch, business travel days DO NOT count towards RO.
I'd add to this: my understanding is that the rules of having days abroad 'count' for such business travel are very strictly applied for anyone who has a controlling link to the company involved. Read this as: they will not count those days, even with paper documentation about an overseas assignment for your company.

Because yes, of course, it has occurred to people to establish their own companies and employ themselves abroad in order to get around the residency obligation.

So for the OP: no, time spent abroad working for the company you own will NOT count under RO.
 

dpenabill

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Apr 2, 2010
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My son and I have a company in Canada, and we both are shareholders (not an empolyee in payroll).
For the past few years, I need to travel abroad to take care of some company business. My PR renewal is coming next year, so, my question is: (due to my situation, I am the shareholder, not an employee) does my abroad time counts toward the PR requirement days?

- If yes, any documents that I need to include with the application?
- If not, is that anything I should do to make the days count?
@armoured mostly covered it.

With a slight quibble --
So for the OP: no, time spent abroad working for the company you own will NOT count under RO.
This is probably true, at the least very likely it is true. However, I would not state it so definitively.

I would not bother to quibble, because the probability of getting credit toward RO compliance for this is so low, EXCEPT there are undoubtedly some examples out there where this has worked for some PRs. Those examples, while probably true, should not be taken to indicate credit can be obtained in such circumstances. Digging into how and why they got credit, in their particular situations, would be a distraction; for most it is probably simply a matter of more or less getting-away-with-it, whether due to lax enforcement or the PR's manipulation.

It warrants noting that I disagree with the view that having an ownership interest in the business is not relevant. Yes, if the PR is truthfully a full time "employee" of the business, and is TEMPORARILY assigned to a position working outside Canada, and otherwise is meeting the requirements to qualify for the working-abroad-for-Canadian-business credit (which as @armoured referenced, is a very strictly applied exception), days working outside Canada could be given credit toward meeting the RO even though the PR has an ownership interest in the business . . . HOWEVER, where the PR has an ownership interest in the business, and especially if the PR is part of management, in addition to strictly applying all the other criteria to qualify for the credit, the risk is high that CBSA (in a PoE examination) or IRCC in conducting a Residency Determination (such as for a PR card or PR TD application) will be especially strict in assessing whether this is a business that serves primarily to allow a permanent resident to meet their residency obligation while residing outside Canada, which is a business that is explicitly excluded from qualifying for the credit.

Actually the latter can loom large for any PR who is related to the owner or operator of a Canadian business, especially small businesses, unless the nature and scope of business actually being done IN Canada clearly shows it is a business IN Canada, not an in-name-Canadian business facilitating a PRs employment or residence outside Canada.
 
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b1b1b1

Full Member
Jan 18, 2011
42
0
I'd add to this: my understanding is that the rules of having days abroad 'count' for such business travel are very strictly applied for anyone who has a controlling link to the company involved. Read this as: they will not count those days, even with paper documentation about an overseas assignment for your company.

Because yes, of course, it has occurred to people to establish their own companies and employ themselves abroad in order to get around the residency obligation.

So for the OP: no, time spent abroad working for the company you own will NOT count under RO.
thanks for the feedback.
 

armoured

VIP Member
Feb 1, 2015
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It warrants noting that I disagree with the view that having an ownership interest in the business is not relevant.
Don't disagree with much of what you wrote except that I don't understand this sentence. It is relevant, and you don't seem to disagree with that.

If you do think it's 'not relevant', then I think you're wrong; at minimum, that IRCC will likely approach with the view that the ownership/control interest creates a presumption it's not an 'employment' relationship in the context that matters here (i.e. that the owner can decide to 'post' the employee for non-business reasons. That presumption may be incorrect on IRCC's part (it may be a genuine business need), but to rebut extremely difficult (and extreme difficutly is also relevant).

Anyway I think this can be stated in a way we'd both agree with: given all of this, a PR should consider carefully in advance - when making plans - that there is a significant probability the days abroad will NOT count towards the RO (and it is/can be quite difficult to appeal in any way). And since once cannot get any kind of 'approval' in advance, the PR would have to be prepared to accept all of the consequences of being found not compliant with RO after the fact.
 

dpenabill

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Apr 2, 2010
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Turkey just about done (smelling damn good). Lots of bad stuff happening in the world, lots of sadness for what's going on, but today feeling most grateful for the opportunity to be a Canadian.

I doubt the OP's situation here warrants addressing the specific elements of the working-abroad credit much if any further, since it is rather clear how the rules will most likely apply in the OP's situation. No need to wrangle with the nuances here. In particular, the practical outcome in such a situation is readily apparent, and it would be a distraction (as to the OP's situation) to dive into the weeds in regards to analyzing how specific facts map into the particular issues (ranging from what qualifies as a "Canadian business" or who qualifies as a "full time employee," to what constitutes a "temporary assignment"). Among numerous threads in which others and I have gone into those weeds, I have cited, discussed, and linked dozens of relevant IAD and Federal Court decisions about this in an extensive discussion of the working abroad RO credit here: https://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/threads/working-abroad-ro-credit-including-business-trips-an-update.607559/

It may be time to update the latter thread with some more in-depth observations about cases in which PRs with owner/operator roles in what is, at least ostensibly, a Canadian business, seek credit for days working abroad for that business.


It warrants noting that I disagree with the view that having an ownership interest in the business is not relevant.
Don't disagree with much of what you wrote except that I don't understand this sentence. It is relevant, and you don't seem to disagree with that.

If you do think it's 'not relevant', then I think you're wrong; at minimum, that IRCC will likely approach with the view that the ownership/control interest creates a presumption it's not an 'employment' relationship in the context that matters here (i.e. that the owner can decide to 'post' the employee for non-business reasons. That presumption may be incorrect on IRCC's part (it may be a genuine business need), but to rebut extremely difficult (and extreme difficutly is also relevant).

Anyway I think this can be stated in a way we'd both agree with: given all of this, a PR should consider carefully in advance - when making plans - that there is a significant probability the days abroad will NOT count towards the RO (and it is/can be quite difficult to appeal in any way). And since once cannot get any kind of 'approval' in advance, the PR would have to be prepared to accept all of the consequences of being found not compliant with RO after the fact.
Sorry about my clumsy sentence structure. Translation/revision: "Since ownership interest in the business can be relevant, I disagree with the view it is not relevant" (that is, it can matter, so I disagree with the view it does not matter). Allowing, however, this revised version is still clumsy, still clouded by a double-negative.

There's a reason my English teachers emphasized avoiding double-negatives. And lots of reasons my English teachers never suggested I pursue a career in writing. My Spanish teachers were less generous and my German language instructors were, well, rather more severe one might say. I don't want to talk about my dismally sad, utterly futile efforts to learn French (going way back, way over a half century ago, in the mid-1960s).

That said, even though the double-negative clouds things, I did go on to explain how owning the business can be relevant, explaining why having an ownership interest could influence how it goes when trying to claim this credit. Why it can matter (and, it needs noting, indirectly it almost certainly will).

Otherwise, in that particular paragraph I was trying to thread the needle between what the law and rules and practices technically require, versus how such circumstances arise in real world settings in the context of PRs and smaller businesses in which they have an owner/operator role (or even businesses owned and operated by a family member). I was, in particular, responding to a statement, in effect, that it does not matter whether the OP is an employee or a shareholder . . . or, by extension, both. That is, again I was saying it can matter. (Note: regardless of what other role or relationship the PR has to the business, to qualify for the working-abroad credit the PR must be an employee; an owner/operator also can be an employee.)

But the mechanics underlying this are more complex, and very much dependent on the particular facts in each individual case, than any presumption, or even inference, arising from just the fact that the PR has an owner/operator role in the business. To be clear, there is nothing in the law or how it is applied that specifically precludes an owner/operator of a Canadian business from qualifying for this credit, if the qualifying criteria is in fact met. There is NO presumption that an owner/operator of a Canadian business does not qualify for the working-abroad credit. (As always, citation to any source otherwise would be appreciated.)

As I suggested, given the practical realities there is no need to do a deep dive into this here, in the context of the OP's situation. For those interested, I will make an effort, nonetheless, to address the underlying decision-making in cases involving PRs with an owner/operator role, as illuminated in the stated reasons for decisions in such cases, not just the reasons articulated by the respective tribunals, but also visa officers as well as positions argued by the minister's representative in such cases. I will try to post that in the thread where this credit, including the technicalities, is discussed in more depth: https://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/threads/working-abroad-ro-credit-including-business-trips-an-update.607559/
 
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armoured

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Sorry about my clumsy sentence structure. Translation/revision: "Since ownership interest in the business can be relevant, I disagree with the view it is not relevant" (that is, it can matter, so I disagree with the view it does not matter). Allowing, however, this revised version is still clumsy, still clouded by a double-negative.
Now that I look at your original sentence, it was a parsing error on my part. Mea culpa.

But as variants that are slightly clearer / easier to parse without error, I can suggest:
-"Some claim that ownership interest is irrelevant, a view with which I disagree." (or ... "irrelevant; I disagree."
-"Ownership interest is clearly relevant, although some claim it is not."

There's a reason my English teachers emphasized avoiding double-negatives.
Off-topic: There's another reason, which is that in most languages, double negatives do not work the way that they do in English, that is, they do not cancel each other out (to make a positive) and/or 'forbid' or discourage the use of double negs. In many languages, repetition of the negative is actually required (eg 'never' is usually expressed by equivalent 'not never'), and in others, the 'extra' negatives simply serve for emphasis (both are sometimes found in colloquial English, eg "I ain't never been to New York", which could be interpreted as either of these rough types).

There is NO presumption that an owner/operator of a Canadian business does not qualify for the working-abroad credit. (As always, citation to any source otherwise would be appreciated.)
I have a vague recollection of reading a source that indicated that basically this type of control/ownership relationship* was not allowed in immigration context, will try to find (although it is quite possible it was some other immigration operation, like LMIA, and not residency obligation).

Regardless, I would suggest that the implications of likely approach by IRCC is that any such relationship (of which IRCC is or becomes aware) would in fact lead to heightened scrutiny, and heightened scrutiny is what I meant as being the implications of a presumption of [potentially] not qualifying for this credit. My use of presumption not a legal one here, although implications might be equally consequential.

Anyway, you are certainly correct that comments on this without sufficient sources or experience of those applying to use this and what actually happens may be little more than a bit of a guess - or a warning to applicants to be careful and not rely upon this to meet the residency obligation.

[*I would go further to say that in practice it may be any 'linked party' relationship - family, friend, community, etc - that is not 'third party'/'arm's length', although both these terms are devilishly hard to define both as broadly and as specifically as policy makers and everyone in the process would like. And by 'devilishly hard', you can read to mean conceptually impossible to define concisely for all purposes, a problem I've encountered in a different sphere.]
 
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dpenabill

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Apr 2, 2010
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Regardless, I would suggest that the implications of likely approach by IRCC is that any such relationship (of which IRCC is or becomes aware) would in fact lead to heightened scrutiny, and heightened scrutiny is what I meant as being the implications of a presumption of [potentially] not qualifying for this credit. My use of presumption not a legal one here, although implications might be equally consequential.
As previously noted, but still a good deal of homework needs to be done, I intend to elaborate further in the topic where the most cites and links to primary sources are located and discussed: https://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/threads/working-abroad-ro-credit-including-business-trips-an-update.607559/

Apart from updating that topic with some interesting working-abroad decisions in the meantime, addressing this further may be largely academic.

You more or less nail why a detailed analysis of whether a PR owner/operator of a Canadian business can qualify for the working-abroad credit may be largely academic. It is not that the owner/operator role itself precludes the credit, but given the circumstances and the nature of the almost certain level of scrutiny, the implications are, as you suggest, equally consequential, meaning the outcome is most likely credit is not allowed.

It is not that being an owner/operator means the credit is not available, but yeah, in effect the credit is not available for the owner/operator.

It really is a lot more complicated than that. The outcome in these cases very much depends on the specific facts in the individual case. It is not much at all about the fact of being an owner with control, but rather very much about the particular circumstances in which this arises, and rather than make general inferences (let alone presumptions) based on the fact of ownership and control, the reasons for denying credit in the actual cases tend to be supported by an extensive consideration of the detailed facts, ranging from the extent to which there is actually an ongoing operation in Canada (in most there isn't) to those facts indicating the "Canadian" business is more or less a shell for a business abroad, and then there is the whole "temporary" assignment element.

So, for those interested in what goes on under-the-hood, and why, in the actual cases there is plenty to unravel and digest regarding this issue. Which, when I get more of the homework done, I plan to discuss in the other thread: https://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/threads/working-abroad-ro-credit-including-business-trips-an-update.607559/ Might be awhile though. No rush, I expect, since not much if anything hangs in the balance; easy enough to answer questions about this: in effect the credit is not available for an owner/operator.
 
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